What is a primary symptom of frounce in birds?

Frounce, also known as canker, is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas gallinae, primarily affecting birds, especially pigeons and raptors. The primary symptom of frounce is characterized by the presence of flat, cheesy, yellowish growths in the mouth and throat area. These lesions can obstruct feeding and cause significant discomfort, impacting the bird’s ability to eat properly. Recognizing this symptom is crucial for falconers as it allows for timely intervention and treatment, which is essential for the bird’s health and well-being.

The other symptoms listed, while they may be indicative of other conditions, do not specifically relate to the characteristic presentation of frounce. Swelling of the foot could indicate a variety of foot problems or injuries but is not a symptom associated with this disease. Uncontrollable jerking of muscles may suggest neurological issues or other disorders, rather than frounce. Food not passing through the crop could indicate a blockage or other gastrointestinal issues, which again do not pertain specifically to the symptoms of frounce. Therefore, identifying the yellowish growth in the mouth and throat as the primary symptom is critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment.